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Dr. Otis Brawley is concerned how health care is currently consumed. He’s written a book called “How We Do Harm: A Doctor Breaks Ranks About Being Sick in America” that examines and explains these concerns.
Tara Parker Pope of the NYT’s Well blog spoke to him about his book and how broken he considers the United States health care system to be. He states that “failure is in the system” — that no horror stories (and he has some doozies, like a woman with untreated breast cancer who brings in her breast for re-attachment after it falls off) should be dismissed as an aberration.
He doesn’t just blame hospitals, health care workers, or insurance companies though. He also thinks that patients demand overtreatment, and that this contributes to the bloat and inefficiency of the current health care system.
He says he decided to write the book after listening to the debate over the Affordable Care Act. He says, “The talk should not be about rationing health care but about rational health care. So much of what we do in health care is irrational.” When asked to describe an example of irrational health care, he says:
A.
There was a man with colon cancer who went to a wonderful hospital with a wonderful reputation. He got surgery and was referred to a medical oncologist who has a wonderful reputation as a doctor to the rich and famous in Atlanta. That medical oncologist started giving him chemotherapy and two other expensive drugs. When this man lost his insurance, the oncologist basically dropped him, and the guy ended up being seen by me at the county hospital. A doctor who is training with me to be an oncologist immediately realizes that this guy is getting a chemotherapy regimen for colon cancer that we stopped using about 15 years ago. His medical oncologist was practicing the best medicine of the late 1980s, but we were in 2006. The other drugs he was being prescribed were totally unnecessary. But the doctor could get a substantial markup and make a substantial amount of money by selling them. The oncologist had known just enough to be greedy and prescribe drugs he can make money off of, but he didn’t know enough to prescribe the chemotherapy that would have given the patient a much better chance of surviving his cancer.I’ve seen that so many times, where doctors really have failed to evolve and failed to learn as the profession and the scientific evidence have changed over time.
Q.
But in reading the book, you don’t just blame doctors for being greedy. You blame patients for being gluttonous. Can you explain?A.
Another patient of mine had early colon cancer. Three doctors had told her she should not get chemotherapy. She decided she wanted it, and she went doctor-shopping until she found a doctor who would give it to her. Her insurance had no way to object to her getting this inappropriate chemotherapy because privacy laws prevent disclosing the stage of the disease to the insurance company. She was referred to me by a relative who was concerned about what she was doing. She readily admitted that she had three different medical opinions that said she should not get chemotherapy, but she wanted chemotherapy. So a doctor made $10,000 off that six months of chemotherapy, and she got an increased risk of leukemia for the rest of her life, not to mention losing her hair and everything else, with no scientific evidence that the treatment reduced her risk of the colon cancer coming back.I blame patients, I blame doctors, I blame hospitals, I blame drug companies, I blame insurance companies. Our health care system is messed up because the system is designed to fail, and everybody is responsible for health care failing as it is now.
Q.
The story about the woman whose breast fell off was horrible. What were you trying to tell us with that example?A.
We so frequently talk about breast cancer almost as if it’s a boutique disease or trendy. I feel some people have forgotten how terrible this disease can be. This lady – I saw a lot of things in her background that were lessons for society about what we need to do if we want to defeat breast cancer. When she realized she had something growing in her breast, she had insurance, but logistics having to do with her job and child care and a little bit of denial kept her from going to the doctor and getting this thing diagnosed and treated when it was likely curable. Later on, when she wanted to see a doctor, she couldn’t because her insurance had gotten so expensive that she had to drop it. If she had come in when she first found this thing 9 or 10 years earlier, I probably could have cured it, and it would have cost about a tenth of what we spent when she was uninsured and receiving free care from the hospital. She lived for about two years after I met her. That’s a failure of medicine to educate people.Q.
In the book, you talk about a conversation with a hospital marketing executive who talks about drumming up business with free prostate cancer screenings at a mall health fair. How did that affect you?A.
That was the beginning of Otis Brawley becoming a loudmouth in the prostate cancer screening debate. We’re making promises to patients and making them think we know things we don’t know and making money off of them. There is a subtle little corruption in medicine. We’re selling chemo to people who don’t need it, giving prostate screening when it might save lives, but we make them think it definitely does, and then I see a lady whose breast is falling off who couldn’t afford to see a doctor when she wanted to see one.Q.
Is there any hope that things might improve someday?A.
I am trying to get folks, through this book, to talk a little more about rational use of health care and realize that we are actually hurting people with overtreatment. Health care needs to be consumed in a wiser way that is much more concerned about allegiance to the science. We need to be more concerned about the welfare of our patients. There was a recent report, the 45 tests we do too much, that I was thrilled to see. People are starting to realize that we need to be a little wiser in our use of health care.